Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga njira zolimbikitsira kukula kwa ziweto kukuchulukirachulukira komanso kutsutsidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Kukula kwa kukana kwa mabakiteriya ku mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso kukana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsidwa ndi anthu ndi nyama chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo molakwika ndi/kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo molakwika ndi komwe kukudetsa nkhawa kwambiri.
M'maiko a EU, kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki popititsa patsogolo kupanga ziweto kwaletsedwa. Ku US, Nyumba ya Oimira ya American Association yomwe imapanga mfundo idavomereza chigamulo pamsonkhano wake wapachaka mu June chomwe chidalimbikitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki "osachiritsika" mwa ziweto kuthetsedwe kapena kuthetsedwe. Muyesowu ukunena za maantibayotiki omwe amaperekedwa kwa anthu. Ikufuna kuti boma lithetse kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki mopitirira muyeso mwa ziweto, ndikukulitsa kampeni ya bungweli yoletsa kukana kwa anthu ku mankhwala opulumutsa moyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki popanga ziweto kukuwunikidwa ndi boma ndipo njira zowongolera kukana mankhwala zikupangidwa. Ku Canada, kugwiritsa ntchito Carbadox pakadali pano kukuwunikidwa ndi Health Canada ndipo kukukumana ndi chiletso chomwe chingatheke. Chifukwa chake, n'zoonekeratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki popanga ziweto kudzakhala koletsedwa kwambiri ndipo njira zina zolimbikitsira kukula kwa maantibayotiki ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zotsatira zake, kafukufuku akuchitika nthawi zonse kuti aphunzire njira zina zosinthira maantibayotiki. Njira zina zomwe zikuphunziridwa zimachokera ku zitsamba, ma probiotic, ma prebiotic ndi ma organic acid mpaka zowonjezera mankhwala ndi zida zowongolera. Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti formic acid ndi yothandiza polimbana ndi mabakiteriya opatsirana. Komabe, chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi kusamalira, fungo lamphamvu komanso dzimbiri pokonza chakudya ndi zida zodyetsera ndi kumwa, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuli kochepa. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, potassium diformate (K-diformate) yalandiridwa ngati njira ina m'malo mwa formic acid chifukwa ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa asidi woyera, pomwe yawonetsedwa kuti ndi yothandiza pakukulitsa kukula kwa nkhumba zoyamwitsa komanso zoyamwitsa. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi ofufuza ku Agricultural University of Norway (J. Anim. Sci. 2000. 78:1875-1884) adawonetsa kuti kuwonjezera potaziyamu diformate muzakudya pamlingo wa 0.6-1.2% kunathandiza kuti kukula kukhale bwino, ubwino wa nyama komanso chitetezo cha nyama mwa nkhumba zoyamwitsa popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa pa ubwino wa nkhumba. Zinawonetsedwanso kuti mosiyana ndipotaziyamu diformate Kuwonjezera kwa Ca/Na-formate sikunakhudze konse kukula ndi ubwino wa nyama.
Mu kafukufukuyu, mayeso atatu onse adachitika. Mu kuyesera koyamba, nkhumba 72 (23.1 kg yolemera thupi koyamba ndi 104.5 kg yolemera thupi) zidapatsidwa mankhwala atatu ochepetsa thupi (Control, 0.85% Ca/Na-formate ndi 0.85% potassium-diformate). Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti zakudya za K-diformate zidawonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku (ADG) koma sizinakhudze kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku (ADFI) kapena chiŵerengero cha chakudya cha gain/feed (G/F). Kuchuluka kwa nyama kapena mafuta sikunakhudzidwe ndi potassium-diformate kapena Ca/Na-formate.
Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, nkhumba 10 (BW yoyamba: 24.3 kg, BW yomaliza: 85.1 kg) zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza momwe K-diformate imakhudzira magwiridwe antchito ndi luso la nyama ya nkhumba. Nkhumba zonse zinali ndi chakudya choletsedwa ndipo zinadyetsedwa zakudya zomwezo kupatula kuwonjezera 0.8% K-diformate mu gulu la chithandizo. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera K-diformate muzakudya kumawonjezera ADG ndi G/F, koma sizinakhudze khalidwe la thupi la nyama ya nkhumba.
Mu kafukufuku atatu, nkhumba 96 (BW yoyamba: 27.1 kg, BW yomaliza: 105kg) zinapatsidwa mankhwala atatu ochepetsa thupi, okhala ndi 0, 0.6% ndi 1.2% K-diformate motsatana, kuti aphunzire momwe zimakhudzira kuwonjezera.K-diformateMu zakudya zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa nkhumba, makhalidwe a nyama, ndi microflora ya m'mimba. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera K-diformate pa 0.6% ndi 1.2% kunawonjezera kukula kwa nkhumba, kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera K-diformate kunachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma coliform m'mimba mwa nkhumba, motero, kunathandiza kuti nkhumba zitetezeke.
| 1. Zotsatira za kuwonjezera Ca/Na diformate ndi K-diformate muzakudya pakukula bwino mu Kuyesera 1 | ||||
| Chinthu | Kulamulira | Ca/Na-formate | K-diformate | |
| Nthawi yokulira | ADG, g | 752 | 758 | 797 |
| G/F | .444 | .447 | .461 | |
| Nthawi yomaliza | ADG, g | 1,118 | 1,099 | 1,130 |
| G/F | .377 | .369 | .373 | |
| Nthawi yonse | ADG, g | 917 | 911 | 942 |
| G/F | .406 | .401 | .410 | |
| Gome 2. Zotsatira za kuwonjezera K-diformate muzakudya pakukula bwino mu Kuyesera 2 | |||
| Chinthu | Kulamulira | 0.8% K-diformate | |
| Nthawi yokulira | ADG, g | 855 | 957 |
| Phindu/Kudyetsa | .436 | .468 | |
| Nthawi yonse | ADG, g | 883 | 987 |
| Phindu/Kudyetsa | .419 | .450
| |
| Gome 3. Zotsatira za kuwonjezera K-diformate muzakudya pakukula ndi makhalidwe a nyama mu Kuyesera 3 | ||||
| K-diformate | ||||
| Chinthu | 0% | 0.6% | 1.2% | |
| Nthawi yokulira | ADG, g | 748 | 793 | 828. |
| Phindu/Kudyetsa | .401 | .412 | .415 | |
| Nthawi yomaliza | ADG, g | 980 | 986 | 1,014 |
| Phindu/Kudyetsa | .327 | .324 | .330 | |
| Nthawi yonse | ADG, g | 863 | 886 | 915 |
| Phindu/Kudyetsa | .357 | .360 | .367 | |
| Kulemera kwa nyama, kg | 74.4 | 75.4 | 75.1 | |
| Zokolola zochepa, % | 54.1 | 54.1 | 54.9 | |
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-09-2021
