Betaine, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glycine trimethyl internal salt, ndi mankhwala achilengedwe osaopsa komanso osavulaza, quaternary amine alkaloid. Ndi kristalo woyera wa prismatic kapena tsamba lofanana ndi kristalo wokhala ndi molekyulu c5h12no2, kulemera kwa molekyulu ya 118 ndi melting point ya 293 ℃. Imakoma bwino ndipo ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mavitamini. Imasunga chinyezi kwambiri ndipo imayamwa mosavuta chinyezi ndi deliquesce kutentha kwa chipinda. Mtundu wa hydrated umasungunuka m'madzi, methanol ndi ethanol, ndipo umasungunuka pang'ono mu ether. Betaine ili ndi kapangidwe kamphamvu ka mankhwala, imatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu kwa 200 ℃ ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa okosijeni. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kutibetaineakhoza kulowa m'malo mwa methionine pang'ono mu kagayidwe ka nyama.

Betaineakhoza kulowa m'malo mwa methionine mokwanira popereka methyl. Kumbali imodzi, methionine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lopangira mapuloteni, ndipo kumbali ina, imatenga nawo mbali mu kagayidwe ka methyl ngati wopereka methyl.BetaineZingathandize kuti betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase igwire ntchito m'chiwindi ndikupereka methyl yogwira ntchito pamodzi, kotero kuti methionine demethylation product homocysteine ​​ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala methylated kuti ipange methionine kuyambira pachiyambi, kuti ipereke methyl nthawi zonse kuti thupi ligwire ntchito ndi methionine yochepa ngati chonyamulira ndi betaine ngati gwero la methyl. Kenako, methionine yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapuloteni, omwe amatha kusunga methionine ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Pamodzi, betaine imawonongeka kwambiri ikakhala methylated kuti ipange serine ndi glycine, kenako imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa amino acid m'magazi (kamoun, 1986).

Betaine inawonjezera kuchuluka kwa methionine, serine ndi glycine mu seramu. Puchala et al. Anali ndi zotsatira zofanana zoyesera pa nkhosa. Betaine ikhoza kuwonjezera ma amino acid monga arginine, methionine, leucine ndi glycine mu seramu ndi kuchuluka konse kwa ma amino acid mu seramu, kenako nkukhudza kutulutsa kwa auxin;BetaineZingathandize kusintha kwa aspartic acid kukhala n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) kudzera mu kagayidwe kamphamvu ka methyl, ndipo NMA ikhoza kukhudza kapangidwe ndi kutulutsa kwa auxin mu hypothalamus, kenako kuchuluka kwa auxin m'thupi.