Betaine, womwe umadziwikanso kuti glycine trimethyl mchere wamkati, ndi wachilengedwe wopanda poizoni komanso wopanda vuto, quaternary amine alkaloid. Ndi prismatic yoyera kapena tsamba ngati kristalo wokhala ndi formula ya mamolekyulu c5h12no2, molekyulu yolemera 118 ndi malo osungunuka a 293 ℃. Imakoma ndipo ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mavitamini. Ili ndi kusungirako chinyezi champhamvu ndipo ndi yosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi ndi deliquesce kutentha kutentha. Mtundu wa hydrated umasungunuka m'madzi, methanol ndi ethanol, ndi kusungunuka pang'ono mu ether. Betaine ali ndi dongosolo lamphamvu lamankhwala, amatha kupirira kutentha kwa 200 ℃ ndipo ali ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa okosijeni. Kafukufuku wasonyeza zimenezobetaineimatha kusintha pang'ono methionine mu metabolism ya nyama.

Betaineakhoza kusintha kwathunthu methionine mu kotunga methyl. Kumbali imodzi, methionine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi kupanga mapuloteni, ndipo kumbali ina, imatenga nawo gawo mu methyl metabolism ngati methyl donor.Betaineakhoza kulimbikitsa ntchito ya betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase mu chiwindi ndi kupereka yogwira methyl pamodzi, kotero kuti methionine demethylation mankhwala homocysteine ​​akhoza methylated kupanga methionine kuchokera zikande, kuti mosalekeza kupereka methyl kwa thupi kagayidwe ndi zochepa kuchuluka kwa methionine monga chonyamulira ndi betaine monga methylation kwambiri gwero la methi, ndiye kupulumutsa methyl methionine ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Pamodzi, betaine amaipitsidwanso pambuyo popangidwa ndi methylated kuti apange serine ndi glycine, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid m'magazi (kamoun, 1986).

Betaine amawonjezera zomwe zili mu methionine, serine ndi glycine mu seramu. Puchala et al. Zinali ndi zotsatira zofanana zoyesera pa nkhosa. Betaine akhoza kuwonjezera amino zidulo monga arginine, methionine, leucine ndi glycine mu seramu ndi okwana kuchuluka kwa amino zidulo mu seramu, ndiyeno zimakhudza excretion wa auxin;Betaineikhoza kulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa aspartic acid kukhala n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) kupyolera mu mphamvu ya methyl metabolism, ndipo NMA ingakhudze mapangidwe ndi kutuluka kwa auxin mu hypothalamus, ndiyeno mlingo wa auxin m'thupi.