Betaine, monga choline ndi methionine, imagwira ntchito mu kagayidwe ka methyl m'chiwindi ndipo imapereka gulu lake la methyl losavuta kuti lipange zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri monga carnitine, creatine ndi mahomoni (Onani Chithunzi 1)

 

Choline, methionine ndi betaine zonse zimagwirizana ndi kagayidwe ka methyl group. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera betaine kumatha kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa opereka ena a methyl group. Chifukwa chake, imodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za betaine mu chakudya cha ziweto ndikusintha (gawo la) choline chloride ndikuwonjezera methionine muzakudya. Kutengera mitengo yamsika, kusinthaku nthawi zambiri kumasunga ndalama zogulira chakudya, pomwe kumasunga zotsatira zabwino.

Pamene betaine imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma methyldonors ena, betaine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chogulitsidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mlingo wa betaine mu kapangidwe ka chakudya ukhoza kusinthasintha ndipo zimadalira mitengo ya mankhwala ena monga choline ndi methionine. Koma, betaine si michere yopereka methyl yokha ndipo kuphatikiza betaine mu chakudya kuyenera kuganiziridwa ngati njira yowonjezera magwiridwe antchito.

Betaine monga osmoprotector

Kupatula ntchito yake ngati methyldonor, betaine imagwira ntchito ngati osmoregulator. Ngati betaine siigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwindi mu kagayidwe ka methyl group, imapezeka kuti maselo aigwiritse ntchito ngati organic osmolyte.

Monga osmolyte, betaine imawonjezera kusunga madzi mkati mwa maselo, komanso imatetezanso mapangidwe a maselo monga mapuloteni, ma enzyme ndi DNA. Kapangidwe ka betaine koteteza maso ndi kofunikira kwambiri kwa maselo omwe ali ndi vuto la osmotic. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa betaine mkati mwa maselo, maselo opsinjika amatha kusunga bwino ntchito zawo za maselo monga kupanga ma enzyme, kubwerezabwereza kwa DNA ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo. Chifukwa cha kusungidwa bwino kwa ntchito ya maselo, betaine ikhoza kukhala ndi kuthekera kokweza magwiridwe antchito a nyama makamaka pamavuto enaake (kupsinjika kwa kutentha, vuto la coccidiosis, mchere wamadzi, ndi zina zotero). Kuwonjezeranso kwa betaine ku chakudya kwatsimikizira kuti ndi kothandiza pazochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama.

Zotsatira zabwino za betaine

Mwina vuto lomwe laphunziridwa kwambiri pankhani ya zotsatira zabwino za betaine ndi kutentha kwambiri. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri kuposa malo omwe zimamasuka ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kochepa.

Kupsinjika ndi kutentha ndi vuto lomwe nyama zimafunikira kuti zizitha kuyendetsa bwino madzi awo. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito ngati osmolyte yoteteza, betaine imachepetsa kutentha monga momwe zasonyezedwera mwachitsanzo ndi kutentha kochepa kwa rectal komanso kusapuma mokwanira m'matenda a nkhuku.

Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nyama kumathandiza kuti ziweto zizidya chakudya chawo komanso zimathandiza kuti zizigwira bwino ntchito. Malipoti akusonyeza kuti betaine ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa nthawi yotentha komanso chinyezi chambiri. Komanso, kuti matumbo akhale ndi thanzi labwino, betaine ingathandize. Maselo a m'mimba nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto la hyperosmotic m'matumbo ndipo ngati pali kutsegula m'mimba, vuto la osmotic m'maselo amenewa limakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Betaine ndi yofunika kwambiri poteteza maselo a m'matumbo.

Kusunga bwino madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mwa kusonkhanitsa betaine mkati mwa maselo kumapangitsa kuti m'mimba mukhale bwino (villi yapamwamba) komanso kuti kugaya chakudya kugayike bwino (chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa enzyme komwe kumasungidwa bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amayamwa). Zotsatira zabwino za betaine pa thanzi la m'matumbo zimaonekera kwambiri mwa ziweto zomwe zimavutika: mwachitsanzo nkhuku zomwe zili ndi coccidiosis ndi ana a nkhumba omwe amasiya kuyamwa.

Betaine imadziwikanso kuti carcass modifer. Ntchito zambiri za betaine zimathandiza pa kagayidwe ka mapuloteni, mphamvu ndi mafuta m'zinyama. Mu nkhuku ndi nkhumba, kuchuluka kwa nyama ya m'mawere ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama yopanda mafuta m'zinyama, zanenedwa mu kafukufuku wambiri wa sayansi. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumabweretsanso kuchepa kwa mafuta m'zinyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama ya m'mawere ikhale yabwino.

Betaine ngati chowonjezera magwiridwe antchito

Zotsatira zonse zabwino za betaine zomwe zanenedwa zikusonyeza kufunika kwa mcherewu. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera betaine muzakudya kuyenera kuganiziridwa, osati ngati chinthu chongolowa m'malo mwa ena omwe amapereka methyl ndikusunga ndalama zodyera, komanso ngati chowonjezera chothandiza thanzi la nyama ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Kusiyana pakati pa ntchito ziwirizi ndi mlingo. Monga methyldonor, betaine nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya pa mlingo wa 500ppm kapena kuchepera. Kuti muwonjezere magwiridwe antchito, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsidwa ntchito mlingo wa 1000-mpaka-2000ppm betaine. Mlingo wapamwambawu umapangitsa kuti betaine yosasinthidwa, yomwe imazungulira m'thupi la nyama, igwiritsidwe ntchito kuti itengedwe ndi maselo kuti ateteze ku kupsinjika kwa osmotic ndikuthandizira thanzi la nyama.

Mapeto

Betaine imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Mu chakudya cha ziweto, betaine ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu chochepetsera ndalama zomwe chakudya chimadya, koma ikhozanso kuphatikizidwa muzakudya kuti ipititse patsogolo thanzi la ziweto komanso kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. Makamaka masiku ano, komwe timayesetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, kuthandizira thanzi la ziweto ndikofunikira kwambiri. Betaine imayeneradi kukhala pamndandanda wa mankhwala ena ochizira matenda a ziweto.