ChiduleKuyeseraku kunachitika kuti aphunzire zotsatira za diludine pa ntchito yoika mazira ndi ubwino wa mazira m'mazira ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito pozindikira zizindikiro za mazira ndi seramu. Nkhuku 1024 za ROM zinagawidwa m'magulu anayi, iliyonse mwa izo inali ndi makope anayi a nkhuku 64 iliyonse. Magulu a chithandizo adalandira chakudya chofanana choyambira chowonjezeredwa ndi 0, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg diludine motsatana kwa masiku 80. Zotsatira zake zinali motere. Kuwonjezera diludine muzakudya kunathandiza kuti nkhuku zigwire bwino ntchito yoika mazira, ndipo 150 mg/kg ya chithandizo inali yabwino kwambiri; kuchuluka kwa mazira kunawonjezeka ndi 11.8% (p< 0.01), kusintha kwa mazira kunachepetsedwa ndi 10.36% (p< 0 01). Kulemera kwa mazira kunawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa diludine. Diludine inachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa uric acid m'magazi (p< 0.01); kuwonjezera diludine kunachepetsa kwambiri Ca mumagazi.²⁺ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphate mu seramu, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya alkine phosphatase (ALP) ya seramu (p< 0.05), kotero inali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pakuchepetsa kusweka kwa dzira (p< 0.05) ndi kusakhazikika (p< 0.05); diludine inakweza kwambiri kutalika kwa albumen. Kuchuluka kwa Haugh (p< 0.01), makulidwe a chipolopolo ndi kulemera kwa chipolopolo (p< 0.05), 150 ndi 200mg/kg diludine inachepetsanso choleasterol yonse mu yolk ya dzira (p< 0 05), koma kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa yolk ya dzira (p< 0.05). Kuphatikiza apo, diludine ikhoza kuwonjezera ntchito ya lipase (p< 0.01), ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglyceride (TG3) (p< 0.01) ndi cholesterol (CHL) (p< 0 01) mu seramu, inachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta am'mimba (p< 0.01) ndi mafuta m'chiwindi (p< 0.01), inali ndi mphamvu yoletsa nkhuku ku chiwindi chamafuta. Diludine inawonjezera kwambiri ntchito ya SOD mu seramu (p<0 01) pamene inawonjezeredwa ku zakudya kwa masiku opitilira 30. Komabe, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kunapezeka pa ntchito za GPT ndi GOT za seramu pakati pa gulu lowongolera ndi lochiritsidwa. Zinaganiziridwa kuti diludine ikhoza kuletsa nembanemba ya maselo kuti isawonongeke.

Mawu ofunikiraDiludine; mafuta a chiwindi; mafuta a cholesterol; triglyceride, lipase

 

Diludine ndi chinthu chatsopano chowonjezera cha vitamini chopanda zakudya chomwe chimachepetsa okosijeni ndipo chili ndi zotsatirapo zake.^[1-3]Kuletsa kukhuthala kwa nembanemba yachilengedwe ndikukhazikitsa minofu ya maselo achilengedwe, ndi zina zotero. Mu 1970, katswiri wazaulimi wa ku Latvia ku Soviet Union wakale adapeza kuti diludine inali ndi zotsatirapo zake.^[4]Kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nkhuku komanso kupewa kuzizira ndi kukalamba kwa zomera zina. Zinanenedwa kuti diludine sikuti imangolimbikitsa kukula kwa nyama zokha, komanso imathandizira kubereka bwino kwa nyama mwachiwonekere komanso imathandizira kuchuluka kwa mimba, kutulutsa mkaka, kutulutsa dzira komanso kuchuluka kwa kubala kwa nyama yaikazi.^{[1, 2, 5-7]}Kafukufuku wa diludine ku China unayamba m'ma 1980, ndipo maphunziro ambiri okhudza diludine ku China amangokhala pakugwiritsa ntchito mpaka pano, ndipo mayeso ochepa pa nkhuku zoyikira ananenedwa. Chen Jufang (1993) adanena kuti diludine ikhoza kukweza kutulutsa kwa dzira ndi kulemera kwa dzira la nkhuku, koma sinali yozama kwambiri.^[5]kuphunzira momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tinayambitsa kafukufuku wokhazikika wa momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito podyetsa nkhuku zoyamwitsa chakudya chophatikizidwa ndi diludine, ndipo gawo limodzi la zotsatira zake tsopano lanenedwa motere:

Gome 1 Kapangidwe ndi zigawo za michere ya zakudya zoyesera

%

-- ...

Kuphatikizika kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi

-- ...

Chimanga 62 ME③ 11.97

Nyemba za nyemba 20 CP 17.8

Chakudya cha nsomba 3 Ca 3.42

Chakudya cha Rapeseed 5 P 0.75

Kudya kwa mafupa 2 M et 0.43

Chakudya cha miyala 7.5 M ndi Cys 0.75

Methionine 0.1

Mchere 0.3

Multivitamin① 10

Zinthu zotsatizana② 0.1

-- ...

① Multivitamin: 11mg ya riboflavin, 26mg ya folic acid, 44mg ya oryzanin, 66mg ya niacin, 0.22mg ya biotin, 66mg ya B6, 17.6ug ya B12, 880mg ya choline, 30mg ya VK, 66IU ya V_E, 6600ICU ya V_Dndi 20000ICU ya V_A, zimawonjezedwa pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya chakudya; ndipo 10g multivitamin imawonjezedwa pa 50kg iliyonse ya chakudya.

② Zinthu zotsatizana (mg/kg): 60 mg ya Mn, 60 mg ya Zn, 80 mg ya Fe, 10 mg ya Cu, 0.35 mg ya I ndi 0.3 mg ya Se zimawonjezedwa ku kilogalamu iliyonse ya zakudya.

③ Gawo la mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya chakudya limatanthauza MJ/kg.

 

1. Zipangizo ndi njira

1.1 Zipangizo zoyesera

Beijing Sunpu Biochem. & Tech. Co., Ltd. iyenera kupereka diludine; ndipo nyama yoyesera iyenera kunena za nkhuku za ku Roma zomwe zimabereka ana zomwe zili ndi masiku 300.

 

Zakudya zoyesera: Zakudya zoyesera ziyenera kukonzedwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili panthawi yopangira kutengera muyezo wa NRC, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 1.

1.2 Njira yoyesera

1.2.1 Kuyesa kudyetsa: kuyesa kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitika pafamu ya Hongji Company ku Jiande City; Nkhuku 1024 za ku Roma zoyamwitsa ziyenera kusankhidwa ndikugawidwa m'magulu anayi mwachisawawa ndipo iliyonse ikhale ndi zidutswa 256 (gulu lililonse liyenera kubwerezedwa kanayi, ndipo nkhuku iliyonse iyenera kubwerezedwa ka 64); nkhuku ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi zakudya zinayi zokhala ndi diludine yosiyana, ndipo 0, 100, 150, 200mg/kg ya chakudya iyenera kuwonjezedwa pa gulu lililonse. Kuyesaku kunayamba pa Epulo 10, 1997; ndipo nkhuku zinkatha kupeza chakudya ndikumwa madzi momasuka. Chakudya chomwe gulu lililonse linatenga, kuchuluka kwa kuyika, kutulutsa kwa dzira, dzira losweka ndi kuchuluka kwa dzira losazolowereka ziyenera kulembedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mayesowa anatha pa June 30, 1997.

1.2.2 Kuyeza ubwino wa dzira: Mazira 20 ayenera kutengedwa mwachisawawa pamene mayesowo anachitika masiku anayi 40 kuti ayesere zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi ubwino wa dzira, monga index ya mawonekedwe a dzira, haugh unit, kulemera kwa chipolopolo, makulidwe a chipolopolo, index ya yolk, kulemera kwa yolk, ndi zina zotero. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mu yolk kuyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya COD-PAP pamaso pa Cicheng reagent yopangidwa ndi Ningbo Cixi Biochemical Test Plant.

1.2.3 Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'magazi: Nkhuku zoyeserera 16 ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku gulu lililonse nthawi iliyonse pamene mayesowo adachitika kwa masiku 30 ndipo mayesowo akatha kuti akonze magaziwo atatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili pa phiko. Madziwo ayenera kusungidwa kutentha kotsika (-20℃) kuti ayesere kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mimba ndi mafuta m'chiwindi ziyenera kuyezedwa mutapha ndikuchotsa mafuta m'mimba ndi chiwindi mukamaliza kuyesedwa magazi.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokwanira pamaso pa reagent kit yopangidwa ndi Beijing Huaqing Biochem. & Tech. Research Institute. Uric acid (UN) mu seramu iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya U ricase-PAP pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; triglyceride (TG3) iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya GPO-PAP imodzi-step pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; lipase iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nephelometry pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; seramu total cholesterol (CHL) iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya COD-PAP pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito colorimetry pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito colorimetry pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; Kuyeza kwa alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kuyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ali ndi Cicheng reagent kit; calcium ion (Ca2)²⁺Mu seramu yamagazi muyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito methylthymol blue complex. Njira imodzi pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit; inorganic phosphorous (P) iyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito molybdate blue method pamaso pa Cicheng reagent kit.

 

2 Zotsatira za mayeso

2.1 Zotsatira pa ntchito yoika

Magwiridwe antchito a magulu osiyanasiyana okonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito diludine akuwonetsedwa mu Gome 2.

Gome 2 Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka nkhuku zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya choyambira chowonjezera ndi diludine ya magawo anayi

 

Kuchuluka kwa diludine komwe kumafunika kuwonjezeredwa (mg/kg)
	0	100	150	200
Kudya chakudya (g)
Chiŵerengero cha malo ogona (%)
Kulemera kwapakati kwa dzira (g)
Chiŵerengero cha zinthu ndi dzira
Kuchuluka kwa mazira osweka (%)
Chiŵerengero cha dzira losazolowereka (%)

 

Kuchokera pa Gome 2, kuchuluka kwa kuyala kwa magulu onse okonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito diludine kumawonjezeka bwino, pomwe zotsatira zake zikakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito 150mg/kg zimakhala zabwino kwambiri (mpaka 83.36%), ndipo 11.03% (p<0.01) imawonjezeka poyerekeza ndi gulu lotchulidwa; chifukwa chake diludine imakweza kuchuluka kwa kuyala. Potengera kulemera kwapakati pa dzira, kulemera kwa dzira kumawonjezeka (p>0.05) potengera kuchuluka kwa diludine muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. Poyerekeza ndi gulu lotchulidwa, kusiyana pakati pa magawo onse okonzedwa a magulu okonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito 200mg/kg ya diludine sikuonekera bwino pamene 1.79g ya chakudya chodyedwa imawonjezedwa pa avareji; Komabe, kusiyana kumeneku kumaonekera pang'onopang'ono pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa diludine, ndipo kusiyana kwa chiŵerengero cha zinthu ndi dzira pakati pa zigawo zomwe zakonzedwa n'koonekeratu (p<0.05), ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamene 150mg/kg ya diludine ndi 1.25:1 yomwe imachepetsedwa ndi 10.36% (p<0.01) poyerekeza ndi gulu lofotokozera. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa mazira osweka a zigawo zonse zomwe zakonzedwa, kuchuluka kwa mazira osweka (p<0.05) kungachepe pamene diludine iwonjezeredwa ku zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku; ndipo kuchuluka kwa mazira osazolowereka kumachepa (p<0.05) pamene diludine ikuwonjezeka.

 

2.2 Kukhudza ubwino wa dzira

Kuchokera pa Gome 3, mawonekedwe a dzira ndi mphamvu yokoka ya dzira sizimakhudzidwa (p>0.05) pamene diludine iwonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo kulemera kwa chipolopolo kumawonjezeka pamene diludine ikuwonjezeka ku chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe kulemera kwa zipolopolo kumawonjezeka ndi 10.58% ndi 10.85% (p<0.05) motsatana poyerekeza ndi magulu ofotokozera pamene 150 ndi 200mg/kg ya diludine imawonjezeredwa; makulidwe a chipolopolo cha dzira amawonjezeka pamene diludine ikuwonjezeka mu chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe makulidwe a chipolopolo cha dzira amawonjezeka ndi 13.89% (p<0.05) pamene 100mg/kg ya diludine imawonjezeredwa poyerekeza ndi magulu ofotokozera, ndipo makulidwe a zipolopolo za dzira amawonjezeka ndi 19.44% (p<0.01) ndi 27.7% (p<0.01) motsatana pamene 150 ndi 200mg/kg zimawonjezeredwa. Gawo la Haugh (p<0.01) limakula bwino kwambiri diludine ikawonjezedwa, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti diludine imalimbikitsa kupanga albumen yokhuthala ya dzira loyera. Diludine ili ndi ntchito yowongolera index ya yolk, koma kusiyana sikuli koonekeratu (p<0.05). Zomwe zili mu cholesterol ya yolk ya dzira la magulu onse ndizosiyana ndipo zimatha kuchepetsedwa (p<0.05) mutawonjezera 150 ndi 200mg/kg ya diludine. Kulemera koyerekeza kwa yolk ya dzira ndi kosiyana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosiyana kwa diludine komwe kumawonjezedwa, pomwe kulemera koyerekeza kwa yolk ya dzira kumawonjezeka ndi 18.01% ndi 14.92% (p<0.05) pamene 150mg/kg ndi 200mg/kg poyerekeza ndi gulu lofotokozera; chifukwa chake, diludine yoyenera imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa kupanga yolk ya dzira.

 

Gome 3 Zotsatira za diludine pa ubwino wa mazira

Kuchuluka kwa diludine komwe kumafunika kuwonjezeredwa (mg/kg)
Ubwino wa dzira	0	100	150	200
Chiyerekezo cha mawonekedwe a dzira (%)
Mphamvu yokoka ya dzira (g/cm3)
Kulemera koyerekeza kwa chipolopolo cha dzira (%)
Kukhuthala kwa chipolopolo cha dzira (mm)
Gawo la kuseka (U)
Chiyerekezo cha yolk ya dzira (%)
Cholesterol ya yolk ya dzira (%)
Kulemera koyerekeza kwa yolk ya dzira (%)

 

2.3 Zotsatira pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mimba ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi cha nkhuku zoyamwitsa

Onani Chithunzi 1 ndi Chithunzi 2 kuti mudziwe zotsatira za diludine pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mimba ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi cha nkhuku zoyamwitsa.

 

 

 

Chithunzi 1 Zotsatira za diludine pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mimba (PAF) a nkhuku zoyamwitsa

 

	Peresenti ya mafuta m'mimba
	Kuchuluka kwa diludine komwe kuwonjezeredwa

 

 

Chithunzi 2 Zotsatira za diludine pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi (LF) cha nkhuku zoyamwitsa

	Mafuta a chiwindi
	Kuchuluka kwa diludine komwe kuwonjezeredwa

Kuchokera pa Chithunzi 1, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi la gulu loyesedwa kumachepetsedwa ndi 8.3% ndi 12.11% (p<0.05) motsatana pamene 100 ndi 150mg/kg ya diludine poyerekeza ndi gulu lodziwitsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumachepetsedwa ndi 33.49% (p<0.01) pamene 200mg/kg ya diludine yowonjezeredwa. Kuchokera pa Chithunzi 2, mafuta omwe ali m'chiwindi (ouma kwambiri) okonzedwa ndi 100, 150, 200mg/kg ya diludine motsatana amachepetsedwa ndi 15.00% (p<0.05), 15.62% (p<0.05) ndi 27.7% (p<0.01) motsatana poyerekeza ndi gulu lodziwitsidwa; Chifukwa chake, diludine imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi mafuta m'chiwindi, pomwe zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ngati 200mg/kg ya diludine yawonjezeredwa.

2.4 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'magazi

Kuchokera pa Gome 4, kusiyana pakati pa magawo omwe adakonzedwa panthawi ya mayeso a Gawo I (30d) la SOD sikuonekeratu, ndipo ma index a biochemical a serum a magulu onse omwe diludine adawonjezedwa mu Gawo II (80d) la mayeso ndi apamwamba kuposa gulu lofotokozera (p <0.05). Uric acid (p <0.05) mu seramu imatha kuchepetsedwa pamene 150mg/kg ndi 200mg/kg ya diludine zawonjezeredwa; pomwe zotsatira (p <0.05) zimapezeka pamene 100mg/kg ya diludine yawonjezeredwa mu Gawo I. Diludine imatha kuchepetsa triglyceride mu seramu, pomwe zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri (p <0.01) mu gulu pamene 150mg/kg ya diludine yawonjezeredwa mu Gawo I, ndipo zimakhala zabwino kwambiri mu gulu pamene 200mg/kg ya diludine yawonjezeredwa mu Gawo II. Cholesterol yonse mu seramu imachepa pamene diludine ikuwonjezeka yomwe imawonjezeredwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka zomwe zili mu cholesterol yonse mu seramu zimachepa ndi 36.36% (p<0.01) ndi 40.74% (p<0.01) motsatana pamene 150mg/kg ndi 200mg/kg ya diludine ziwonjezedwa mu Gawo Loyamba poyerekeza ndi gulu lofotokozera, ndipo zimachepa ndi 26.60% (p<0.01), 37.40% (p<0.01) ndi 46.66% (p<0.01) motsatana pamene 100mg/kg, 150mg/kg ndi 200mg/kg ya diludine ziwonjezedwa mu Gawo Lachiwiri poyerekeza ndi gulu lofotokozera. Kuphatikiza apo, ALP imawonjezeka pamene diludine ikuwonjezeka pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ALP m'gulu lomwe 150mg/kg ndi 200mg/kg ya diludine ikuwonjezeredwa kuli kokwera kuposa gulu lodziwitsidwa (p<0.05) mwachiwonekere.

Gome 4 Zotsatira za diludine pa magawo a seramu

Kuchuluka kwa diludine komwe kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa (mg/kg) mu Gawo Loyamba (masiku 30) la mayeso.
Chinthu	0	100	150	200
Superoxide dismutase (mg/mL)
Asidi wa Uric
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
Lipase (U/L)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (U/L)
Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (U/L)
Alkaline phosphatase (mmol/L)
Iyoni ya calcium (mmol/L)
Phosphorus yosapangidwa (mg/dL)

 

Kuchuluka kwa diludine komwe kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa (mg/kg) mu Gawo Lachiwiri (masabata 80) la mayeso.
Chinthu	0	100	150	200
Superoxide dismutase (mg/mL)
Asidi wa Uric
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
Lipase (U/L)
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (U/L)
Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (U/L)
Alkaline phosphatase (mmol/L)
Iyoni ya calcium (mmol/L)
Phosphorus yosapangidwa (mg/dL)

 

3 Kusanthula ndi kukambirana

3.1 Diludine mu mayesowo inakweza kuchuluka kwa kuyala, kulemera kwa dzira, gawo la Haugh ndi kulemera kwa yolk ya dzira, zomwe zinasonyeza kuti diludine inali ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa puloteni ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa albumen wandiweyani wa dzira loyera ndi mapuloteni a yolk ya dzira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa uric acid mu seramu kunachepetsedwa; ndipo nthawi zambiri zinkavomerezedwa kuti kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni yopanda mapuloteni mu seramu kumatanthauza kuti liwiro la catabolism la puloteni linachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yosungira nayitrogeni inachedwetsedwa. Zotsatirazi zinapereka maziko owonjezera kusunga mapuloteni, kulimbikitsa kuyikira mazira ndikukweza kulemera kwa dzira la nkhuku zoyikira. Zotsatira za mayesowo zinasonyeza kuti mphamvu yoyikira ndi yabwino kwambiri pamene 150mg/kg ya diludine inawonjezedwa, zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi zotsatira zake.^[6,7]ya Bao Erqing ndi Qin Shangzhi ndipo idapezeka powonjezera diludine kumapeto kwa nthawi yoika nkhuku. Zotsatira zake zidachepa pamene kuchuluka kwa diludine kudapitirira 150mg/kg, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapuloteni.^[8]idakhudzidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe ka thupi ka diludine.

3.2 Kuchuluka kwa Ca²⁺Mu seramu ya dzira loika mazira munachepa, P mu seramu inachepa poyamba ndipo ntchito ya ALP inawonjezeka kwambiri pamene diludine ilipo, zomwe zinasonyeza kuti diludine inakhudza kagayidwe ka Ca ndi P. Yue Wenbin adanena kuti diludine ikhoza kulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa madzi.^[9] za mchere wa Fe ndi Zn; ALP inalipo makamaka m'maselo, monga chiwindi, fupa, matumbo, impso, ndi zina zotero; ALP mu seramu inali yochokera ku chiwindi ndi fupa makamaka; ALP mu fupa inalipo makamaka mu osteoblast ndipo imatha kuphatikiza phosphate ion ndi Ca2 yochokera mu seramu pambuyo pa kusintha mwa kulimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa phosphate ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa phosphate ion, ndipo idayikidwa pafupa mu mawonekedwe a hydroxyapatite, ndi zina zotero kuti ichititse kuchepa kwa Ca ndi P mu seramu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe a chipolopolo cha dzira ndi kulemera kwa chipolopolo cha dzira mu zizindikiro za khalidwe la dzira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa dzira losweka ndi kuchuluka kwa dzira losazolowereka kunachepetsedwa momveka bwino pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito oika, zomwe zinafotokozanso mfundo iyi.

3.3 Kuyika mafuta m'mimba ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi mwa nkhuku zoyamwitsa kunachepetsedwa mwa kuwonjezera diludine muzakudya, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti diludine inali ndi mphamvu yoletsa kupanga mafuta m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, diludine ikhoza kukonza ntchito ya lipase mu seramu pachiyambi; ntchito ya lipase inawonjezeka mwachiwonekere m'gulu lomwe 100mg/kg ya diludine inawonjezeredwa, ndipo zomwe zili mu triglyceride ndi cholesterol mu seramu zinachepetsedwa (p<0.01), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti diludine ikhoza kulimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa triglyceride ndikuletsa kupanga cholesterol. Kuyika mafuta kumatha kuchepetsedwa chifukwa enzyme ya kagayidwe ka lipid m'chiwindi.^[10,11], komanso kuchepetsa cholesterol mu yolk ya dzira kunafotokozanso mfundo iyi [13]. Chen Jufang adanenanso kuti diludine imatha kuletsa kupanga mafuta m'chinyama ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyama yopanda mafuta m'ma broilers ndi nkhumba, ndipo inali ndi mphamvu yochiza chiwindi chamafuta. Zotsatira za mayesowa zidafotokoza bwino momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito, ndipo zotsatira za kudulidwa ndi kuwonedwa kwa nkhuku zoyeserera zidatsimikiziranso kuti diludine imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chiwindi chamafuta m'ma nkhuku zoyikira.

3.4 GPT ndi GOT ndi zizindikiro ziwiri zofunika zomwe zikuwonetsa ntchito za chiwindi ndi mtima, ndipo chiwindi ndi mtima zitha kuwonongeka ngati ntchito zake zili zokwera kwambiri. Ntchito za GPT ndi GOT mu seramu sizinasinthe bwino pamene diludine yawonjezeredwa mu mayeso, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti chiwindi ndi mtima sizinawonongeke; kupitilira apo, zotsatira za muyeso wa SOD zawonetsa kuti ntchito ya SOD mu seramu ikhoza kukwera bwino bwino pamene diludine idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi inayake. SOD imatanthauza chofufutira chachikulu cha superoxide free radical m'thupi; ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusunga umphumphu wa nembanemba yachilengedwe, kukonza mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi komanso kusunga thanzi la nyama pamene kuchuluka kwa SOD m'thupi kukuwonjezeka. Quh Hai, ndi zina zotero, adanenanso kuti diludine ikhoza kukonza ntchito ya 6-glucose phosphate dehydrogenase mu nembanemba yachilengedwe ndikukhazikitsa minofu [2] ya selo yachilengedwe. Sniedze adati diludine idaletsa ntchito [4] ya NADPH cytochrome C reductase mwachionekere ataphunzira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa diludine ndi enzyme yofunikira mu unyolo wosinthira ma electron wa NADPH mu microsome ya chiwindi cha makoswe. Odydents adatinso diludine inali yogwirizana [4] ndi dongosolo la oxidase lopangidwa ndi composite ndi enzyme ya microsomal yokhudzana ndi NADPH; ndipo njira yogwirira ntchito ya diludine ikalowa m'thupi la nyama ndikuchita gawo loletsa okosijeni ndikuteteza nembanemba yachilengedwe [8] mwa kuletsa ntchito ya enzyme ya NADPH yosinthira ma electron ya microsome ndikuletsa njira ya peroxidation ya lipid compound. Zotsatira za mayeso zidatsimikizira kuti ntchito yoteteza diludine ku nembanemba yachilengedwe kuchokera ku kusintha kwa ntchito ya SOD kupita ku kusintha kwa ntchito za GPT ndi GOT ndipo zidatsimikizira zotsatira za kafukufuku wa Sniedze ndi Odydents.

 

Buku lothandizira

1 Zhou Kai, Zhou Mingjie, Qin Zhongzhi, ndi zina zotero. Kafukufuku wokhudza diludine wokhudza momwe nkhosa zimaberekera bwinoJ. Udzu ndiLivestock 1994 (2): 16-17

2 Qu Hai, Lv Ye, Wang Baosheng, Zotsatira za diludine zawonjezeredwa ku zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku pa kuchuluka kwa mimba ndi ubwino wa umuna wa nyama ya kalulu.J. Chinese Journal of Kalulu Farming1994(6): 6-7

3 Chen Jufang, Yin Yuejin, Liu Wanhan, ndi zina zotero. Kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito diludine ngati chowonjezera cha chakudyaKafukufuku wa Zakudya1993 (3): 2-4

4 Zheng Xiaozhong, Li Kelu, Yue Wenbin, ndi zina zotero. Kukambirana za momwe diludine imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito ngati chothandizira kukula kwa nkhuku.Kafukufuku wa Zakudya1995 (7): 12-13

5 Chen Jufang, Yin Yuejin, Liu Wanhan, ndi zina zotero. Kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito diludine ngati chowonjezera cha chakudyaKafukufuku wa Zakudya1993 (3): 2-5

6 Bao Erqing, Gao Baohua, Mayeso a diludine podyetsa bakha PekingKafukufuku wa Zakudya1992 (7): 7-8

7 Mayeso a Qin Shangzhi owongolera kuchuluka kwa nkhuku za nyama kumapeto kwa nthawi yoberekera pogwiritsa ntchito diludineGuangxi Journal of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine1993.9(2): 26-27

8 Dibner J Jl Lvey FJ ​​Mapuloteni a chiwindi ndi amino acid metabolian mu nkhuku Sayansi ya Nkhuku1990.69(7): 1188-1194

9 Yue Wenbin, Zhang Jianhong, Zhao Peie, ndi zina zotero. Kafukufuku wokhudza kuwonjezera diludine ndi kukonzekera Fe-Zn pa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za nkhuku zoyamwitsa.Chakudya ndi Ziweto1997, 18(7): 29-30

10 Mildner A na M, Steven D Clarke Kuphatikizika kwa mafuta a Nkhumba mu DNA yowonjezera, kugawa kwa minofu ya itsmRNA ndi kuletsa kufotokozedwa ndi somatotropin ndi mapuloteni azakudya J Nutri 1991, 121 900

11 W alzon RL Smon C, M orishita T, et a I Matenda a magazi m'chiwindi cha mafuta m'matenda a nkhuku omwe amadya mopitirira muyeso zakudya zoyeretsedwa Ntchito za ma enzyme osankhidwa ndi histology ya chiwindi pokhudzana ndi ulemu wa chiwindi ndi magwiridwe antchito oberekaNkhuku Sayansi,1993 72(8): 1479-1491

12 Donaldson WE Kagayidwe ka mafuta m'chiwindi cha anapiye kamachitika akamadyaSayansi ya Nkhuku. 1990, 69(7): 1183-1187

13 Ksiazk ieu icz J. K ontecka H, ​​H ogcw sk i L Chidziwitso pa cholesterol m'magazi monga chizindikiro cha kunenepa kwa thupi mwa abakhaMagazini ya Sayansi ya Aninal ndi Feed,1992, 1(3/4): 289-294