Betaine ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe omwe amagawidwa kwambiri muzomera ndi zinyama. Monga chowonjezera cha chakudya, amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a anhydrous kapena hydrochloride. Ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha ziweto pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Choyamba, zolinga izi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi mphamvu yothandiza kwambiri ya methyl donor ya betaine, yomwe imapezeka makamaka m'chiwindi.Chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa magulu osakhazikika a methyl, kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala osiyanasiyana monga methionine, carnitine ndi creatine amalimbikitsidwa.
Kachiwiri, cholinga chowonjezera betaine mu chakudya chingakhale chokhudzana ndi ntchito yake monga zoteteza organic penetrant.Mu ntchitoyi, betaine imathandiza maselo m'thupi lonse kuti azikhala ndi madzi okwanira komanso ntchito za selo, makamaka panthawi yachisokonezo.
Mu nkhumba, zotsatira zosiyana zopindulitsa za betaine supplementation zafotokozedwa.Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za ntchito ya betaine monga chakudya chowonjezera m'matumbo a nkhumba zoletsedwa kuyamwa.
Kafukufuku wambiri wa betaine adanena za momwe zimakhudzira kusungunuka kwa zakudya mu leamu kapena m'mimba yonse ya nkhumba. Kuwona mobwerezabwereza kwa kuwonjezeka kwa leal digestibility ya CHIKWANGWANI (yakuda kapena kusalowerera ndale ndi asidi detergent CHIKWANGWANI) zimasonyeza kuti betaine kumapangitsa nayonso nayo mphamvu mabakiteriya amene alipo kale mu intestine yaing'ono, chifukwa alibe mbali ya matumbo CHIKWANGWANI dongo. zakudya, zomwe zimatha kumasulidwa panthawi ya kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pamsewu wonse wa m'mimba, zanenedwa kuti nkhumba zowonjezeredwa ndi 800 mg betaine / kg zakudya zakhala zikuyenda bwino (+ 6.4%) ndi zinthu zowuma (+ 4.2%) digestibility. puloteni yopanda mafuta (+ 3.7%) ndi ether extract (+ 6.7%) inasinthidwa.
M'kafukufuku waposachedwa wa vivo pa kuwonjezera kwa betaine ku nkhumba zoyamwitsidwa, ntchito ya michere ya m'mimba (amylase, maltase, lipase, trypsin ndi chymotrypsin) mu chyme idawunikidwa (kupatulapo maltases, chiwonetsero cha 1). betaine ankadziwika kwambiri pa 2,500 mg betaine / kg chakudya kuposa 1,250 mg / kg.
Chithunzi 1-M'mimba m'mimba enzyme ntchito ya nkhumba kuwonjezeredwa ndi 0 mg/kg, 1,250 mg/kg kapena 2,500 mg/kg betaine.
Mayesero a in vitro, adatsimikiziridwa kuti powonjezera NaCl kuti apange kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa osmotic, trypsin ndi ntchito za amylase zinaletsedwa.Kuwonjezera milingo yosiyanasiyana ya betaine ku mayeserowa kunabwezeretsanso kulepheretsa kwa NaCl ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya enzyme.
Osati kokha kuwonjezereka kwa digestibility kungafotokozere kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa kukula ndi kutembenuka kwa chakudya cha nkhumba zowonjezeredwa ndi zakudya za betaine.Kuwonjezera zakudya za betaine ku nkhumba kumachepetsanso zofunikira za mphamvu ya nyama. betaine ikuyembekezeka kuwonekera kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi kuti zikule m'malo mokonza.
Maselo a epithelial omwe amamanga khoma la m'mimba ayenera kulimbana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za osmotic zomwe zimapangidwira ndi zowunikira panthawi ya chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, zawonedwa kuti magawowa amakhudzidwa ndi ndende ya betaine yazakudya.Maselo abwinobwino adzakhala ndi kufalikira kwabwinoko komanso kuchira bwino.Chifukwa chake, ofufuza adapeza kuti kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa betaine wa nkhumba kumawonjezera kutalika kwa duodenal villi ndi kuya kwa ma yunifolomu ambiri.
Mu kafukufuku wina, kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa villi mu duodenum, jejunum, ndi ileamu kungawonedwe, koma panalibe zotsatira pa kuya kwa crypts.Monga momwe nkhuku za broiler zomwe zili ndi coccidia, chitetezo cha betaine pamatumbo a matumbo chikhoza kukhala chofunikira kwambiri pazovuta zina (osmotic).
Chotchinga cha m'mimba chimapangidwa makamaka ndi maselo a epithelial, omwe amalumikizidwa wina ndi mzake ndi mapuloteni osakanikirana.Kukhulupirika kwa chotchinga ichi n'kofunika kuti tipewe kulowa kwa zinthu zovulaza ndi mabakiteriya a pathogenic, omwe angayambitse kutupa.
Pofuna kuyeza zotsatira za chotchinga chotchinga, mayesero a mu vitro a mizere ya maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukana kwa magetsi a transepithelial (TEER) .Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito betaine, TEER yowonjezera ikhoza kuwonedwa muzoyesa zambiri za vitro. Pamene batri ikuwonekera kutentha kwakukulu (42 ° C), TEER idzachepa (Chithunzi 2) . kusonyeza kuwonjezeka kutentha kukana.
Chithunzi 2-In vitro zotsatira za kutentha kwambiri ndi betaine pa cell transepithelial resistance (TEER).
Kuonjezera apo, mu kafukufuku wa mu vivo mu nkhumba za nkhumba, kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni osakanikirana (occludin, claudin1, ndi zonula occludens-1) mu minofu ya jejunum ya nyama yomwe inalandira 1,250 mg / kg betaine inayesedwa poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira. amphamvu matumbo chotchinga.Pamene betaine anawonjezeredwa ku zakudya kukula-kumaliza nkhumba, kuwonjezeka m'matumbo mphamvu yamphamvu ankayezedwa pa nthawi kupha.
Posachedwapa, kafukufuku wambiri wagwirizanitsa betaine ndi antioxidant system ndipo adalongosola kuchepa kwa ma radicals omasuka, kuchepetsa malondialdehyde (MDA), ndi ntchito yabwino ya glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
Kuonjezera apo, mabakiteriya ambiri amatha kudziunjikira betaine kudzera mu kaphatikizidwe ka de novo kapena zoyendera kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti betaine akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya omwe ali m'mimba ya nkhumba zoletsedwa. Enterobacter anapezeka mu ndowe.
Potsirizira pake, zikuwoneka kuti zotsatira za betaine pa thanzi lamatumbo a nkhumba zoletsedwa ndikuchepetsa kutsekula m'mimba.Chotsatirachi chikhoza kukhala chodalira mlingo: zakudya zowonjezera 2,500 mg / kg betaine zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa 1,250 mg / kg betaine pochepetsa kutsekula m'mimba. pamene 800 mg/kg ya betaine yawonjezeredwa, mlingo ndi zochitika za kutsekula m'mimba mwa ana a nkhumba oyamwitsidwa zimachepa.
Betaine ali ndi mtengo wochepa wa pKa pafupifupi 1.8, womwe umayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa betaine HCl pambuyo pa kumeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'mimba acidification.
Chakudya chochititsa chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa acidification ya betaine hydrochloride monga gwero la betaine.Mu mankhwala aumunthu, betaine HCl zowonjezerapo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi pepsin kuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba ndi mavuto am'mimba. zofunika.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti pH ya m'mimba madzi a nkhumba oyamwitsa akhoza kukhala apamwamba (pH> 4), zomwe zingakhudze kutsegula kwa pepsin kalambulabwalo wake pepsinogen kalambulabwalo. kutsekula m'mimba.Betaine ali ndi mtengo wochepa wa pKa pafupifupi 1.8, womwe umayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa betaine HCl pambuyo pa kumeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'mimba acidification.
Kubwezeretsa kwakanthawi kochepa kumeneku kwawonedwa mu phunziro loyambirira mwa anthu ndi maphunziro a agalu. Pambuyo pa mlingo umodzi wa 750 mg kapena 1,500 mg wa betaine hydrochloride, pH ya m'mimba ya agalu yomwe inachitidwa kale ndi chapamimba acid kuchepetsa wothandizira inatsika kwambiri kuchokera ku 7 mpaka pH 2. Zowonjezera za HCl.
Betaine imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamatumbo a nkhumba zoletsedwa kuyamwa. Ndemanga ya mabukuwa ikuwonetsa mwayi wosiyanasiyana wa betaine kuti athandizire chimbudzi ndi kuyamwa kwa michere, kukonza zotchinga zoteteza thupi, kukhudza ma microbiota, komanso kukulitsa luso lachitetezo cha ana a nkhumba.