ChakudyankhunguZimayambitsidwa ndi nkhungu. Ngati chinyezi cha zinthu zopangira chili choyenera, nkhungu imachulukana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhungu m'matupi.chimfine cha chakudya, mphamvu zake zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo zidzasintha, ndipo Aspergillus flavus idzayambitsa mavuto aakulu.

1. Njira zotsutsana ndi nkhungu:

(1) Kulamulira chinyezi Kulamulira chinyezi kumatanthauza kulamulira chinyezi m'zakudya ndi chinyezi cha malo osungiramo. Chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi nkhungu pazakudya za tirigu ndikuchepetsa chinyezi chake mwachangu kufika pamalo otetezeka mkati mwa nthawi yochepa mutakolola. Nthawi zambiri, nyemba za mtedza zimakhala pansi pa 8%, chimanga chili pansi pa 12.5%, ndipo chinyezi cha tirigu chili pansi pa 13%. Chifukwa chake, nkhungu si yoyenera kubereka, chifukwa chake chinyezichi chimatchedwa chinyezi chotetezeka. Chinyezi chotetezeka cha zakudya zosiyanasiyana chimasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chotetezeka chimagwirizananso ndi kutentha kosungira.

(2) Kulamulira kutentha kufika pansi pa 12 ℃ kungathandize kuwongolera bwino kuberekana kwa nkhungu ndi kupanga poizoni.

(3) Pofuna kupewa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo ndi kufalikira kwa makoswe, njira zowongolera ndi makina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza tizilombo tosungira tirigu, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa popewa makoswe, chifukwa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo kapena makoswe kumatha kuwononga tirigu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhungu ibereke mosavuta ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa nkhungu.

(4) Zipangizo zopangira chakudya ndi chakudya cha formula chomwe chimakonzedwa ndi mankhwala oletsa nkhungu zimakhala zosavuta kugwidwa ndi nkhungu, kotero mankhwala oletsa nkhungu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera nkhungu panthawi yokonza. Mankhwala ophera fungicide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma organic acid ndi mchere, omwe propionic acid ndi mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

2. Njira zochotsera poizoni m'thupi

Pambuyo poti chakudya chadetsedwa ndi poizoni wa bowa, muyenera kuyesetsa kuwononga kapena kuchotsa poizoniyo. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:

(1) Chotsani tinthu ta nkhungu

Poizoni amapezeka makamaka mu tirigu wowonongeka, wokhuthala, wosintha mtundu, komanso wodyedwa ndi tizilombo. Kuti muchepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa poizoni, tirigu uwu ukhoza kusankhidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zamanja kapena zamakina kuti musankhe chakudya choyamba, kuchotsa chakudya chokhuthala, kenako muumitsenso chakudya chokhuthala kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chochotsa poizoni m'thupi komanso kupewa nkhungu.

(2) Kuchiza kutentha

Pa zinthu zopangira keke ya soya ndi ufa wa mbewu, 48% -61% ya Aspergillus flavus B1 ndi 32% -40% ya Aspergillus flavus C1 zitha kuwonongedwa pophika pa 150 ℃ kwa mphindi 30 kapena kutenthetsa mu microwave kwa mphindi 8-9.

(3) Kutsuka m'madzi

Kunyowetsa ndi kutsuka mobwerezabwereza ndi madzi oyera kungachotse poizoni wosungunuka m'madzi. Zipangizo zopangira monga soya ndi chimanga zimatha kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera mutaziphwanya kapena kuzitsuka mobwerezabwereza ndi 2% Limewater kuti muchotse mycotoxins.

(4) Njira yothira madzi

Zokometsera monga mpweya wokonzedwa ndi dongo loyera zimatha kunyamula poizoni wa bowa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwawo ndi njira ya m'mimba.

Kudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi ziweto ndi nkhuku kungayambitse zinthu zingapo monga kuletsa kukula, kuchepa kwa chakudya, komanso mavuto am'mimba, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri phindu la zachuma. Ndikofunikira kusamala popewa ndi kuwongolera.