Chakudya ndicho chinsinsi cha nkhumba kuti idye bwino. Ndi njira yofunikira yowonjezera zakudya za nkhumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, komanso ukadaulo womwe wafalikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kawirikawiri, gawo la zowonjezera chakudya mu chakudya silidzapitirira 4%, zomwe ndi zokwera, ndipo mtengo wokweza udzakwera mosakayikira, zomwe sizoyenera mtengo wa alimi.
Funso 1: N’chifukwa chiyani nkhumba zimafunikira chakudya ndi zowonjezera zakudya tsopano?
Mafuta a nkhumba, chofunika kwambiri ndi kudya mokwanira, kudya bwino.
Qiao Shiyan, pulofesa ku China Agricultural University, anati chakudya ndicho chinsinsi cha nkhumba kuti zidye bwino.zowonjezera chakudyaNdi maziko a zinthu ndi chitsimikizo chaukadaulo cha makampani amakono a nkhumba, njira zofunikira zowonjezera zakudya za nkhumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, komanso ukadaulo womwe ukulimbikitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ukadaulo wobereketsa, kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya, nthawi yobereketsa, kulemera kwa nkhumba, mtundu wa nyama ndi chitetezo cha zinthu ku China ndizofanana ndi za ku United States, Germany, Denmark ndi mayiko ena akuluakulu a nkhumba, Mogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso miyezo yogulitsira ndi kutumiza kunja.
Zowonjezera pazakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizapozowonjezera zakudyazowonjezera zonse ndizowonjezera mankhwala, zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo pang'ono pa chakudya. Chakudya chachikhalidwe chimodzi chimangothetsa vuto la "kukhuta" kwa nkhumba, ndipo zowonjezera zakudya makamaka ndi ma amino acid ndi mavitamini a kalasi ya chakudya, zomwe zimathetsa vuto la "kudya bwino" nkhumba. Kuwonjezera mankhwala okwanira mu chakudya kungalepheretse ndikuwongolera matenda ofala komanso ambiri a nkhumba. Mwa kukhazikitsa nthawi yochotsa mankhwala mu gawo lodyetsa, zotsalira za mankhwala mu nkhumba zitha kulamulidwa mosavulaza. Kuwonjezera ma antioxidants ndi zina zowonjezera mu chakudya, zomwe zambiri mwa izo zimapezeka mumakampani ogulitsa chakudya, ndi za kalasi ya chakudya, ndipo sizimawononga kukula kwa nkhumba kapena mtundu wa nkhumba.
Boma likuletsa momveka bwino kuwonjezera mankhwala a phenobarbital ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu komanso oletsa kupweteka m'chifuwa. Sikofunikira kuwonjezera mapiritsi ogonetsa kuti nkhumba zigone kwambiri, zisamayende bwino komanso zinenepe msanga, chifukwa ntchito ya nkhumba zogwidwa ndi yochepa kwambiri, kotero mankhwala ogonetsa safunika. Urea, Arsenic Preparation ndi mkuwa zimaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa m'chifuwa, koma zonse zili ndi zinthu zoletsa ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse. Urea ndi mtundu wa feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni yambiri. Ngati urea wochepa umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zifuwa monga ng'ombe ndi nkhosa, ukhoza kusungunuka ndi urea wotulutsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a rumen a zifuwa, kenako ukhoza kuyamwa ndi kugayidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni opangira. Nkhumba zilibe rumen konse, kotero zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni mu urea. Ngati mlingo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri, ungayambitse poizoni ndi imfa ya nkhumba. Ponena za zotsatira za kuwonjezera mkuwa, kuwonjezera mkuwa woyenera m'chifuwa kungathandize kuti nkhumba zikule. Muyezo weniweni wowonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa mkuwa ndi wakuti kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zamkuwa mu chakudya cha 1000 kg kuyenera kusapitirira 200 g.
Funso 2: Kodi nkhumba zimatha bwanji kukula kufika pa 200-300 Jin patatha miyezi 6?
Ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhumba, kuswana kwasayansi ndiye chinsinsi.
Wang Lixian, wofufuza ku Beijing Institute of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, anati kuweta nkhumba mwasayansi kungatsimikizire ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwake. Pakadali pano, nthawi yoberekera nkhumba nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 150-180. Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhumba zikule mwachangu komanso kuti zinenepe pang'ono ndi "zitatu zabwino": nkhumba yabwino, chakudya chabwino komanso bwalo labwino, ndiko kuti, mtundu wabwino wa nkhumba,chakudya chotetezekandi malo abwino obereketsa. Kupanga nkhumba zamalonda makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha mitundu itatu ya nkhumba zoyera za Duroc, Landrace ndi zazikulu. N'zachibadwa kuti nkhumba zabwinozi zigulitsidwe m'masiku pafupifupi 160. Nthawi yogulitsa nkhumba zabwino zakunja ndi yochepa. Nthawi yonenepa ya nkhumba zobereketsa ndi mitundu yakomweko ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi yobereketsa yapakati ndi masiku 180-200.
Pa magawo osiyanasiyana onenepetsa nkhumba isanaphedwe, mlingo wa chakudya umasiyana, ndipo mlingo wonse wa chakudya ndi pafupifupi 300 kg. Kukula kwa nkhumba kudzawonjezeka ndi mwezi umodzi ngati sizipatsidwa chakudya ndipo zimangopatsidwa chakudya chachikhalidwe cha nkhumba monga chimanga chopanda pake ndi udzu wa nkhumba. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamakono ndi zowonjezera chakudya kumathandizira kwambiri kusintha kwa chakudya, kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira nkhumba, ndikukhazikitsa maziko olimba asayansi kuti makampani a nkhumba apeze zabwino pazachuma komanso pazachuma. Akuti pogwiritsa ntchito sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakono wa chakudya, kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha fomula ku China kwawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo wopereka ku ziweto kwapitirira 40%. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha fomula ya nkhumba kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 4 ∶ 1 mpaka 3 ∶ 1. Kale, zinkatenga chaka chimodzi kuti nkhumba ikule, koma tsopano ikhoza kugulitsidwa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa chakudya ndi kuswana.
Wang Lixian anati makampani amakono a nkhumba omwe amadziwika ndi kuswana nkhumba zazikulu akukula mofulumira, ndipo lingaliro la kuswana ndi kuyang'anira likukula nthawi zonse. Mwa kukonza malo oswana ndikukhazikitsa njira yothanirana ndi ndowe za ziweto, mavuto a matenda akuluakulu a miliri ndi zotsalira za maantibayotiki adathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Kukula kwa nkhumba kunachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kulemera kwa nkhumba iliyonse nthawi zambiri kunali pafupifupi 200 kg.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-07-2021

