Potaziyamu diformate(PDF) ndi mchere wosakanikirana womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya chopanda maantibayotiki kuti chilimbikitse kukula kwa ziweto. Komabe, kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri walembedwa m'mitundu ya m'madzi, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsutsana.

Kafukufuku wakale pa nsomba ya Atlantic salmon adawonetsa kuti zakudya zokhala ndi ufa wa nsomba wothiridwa ndi 1.4v PDF zidathandizira kuti chakudya chizigwira bwino ntchito komanso kukula kwake. Zotsatira zake kutengera kukula kwa tilapia yosakanikirana zidawonetsanso kuti kuwonjezera kwa 0.2% PDF muzakudya zoyesera kudakulitsa kwambiri kukula ndi kugwira bwino ntchito kwa chakudya, komanso kuchepetsa matenda a bakiteriya.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kafukufuku wa tilapia yaing'ono yosakanikirana inasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera PDF pa zakudya zokwana 1.2 peresenti sikunasonyeze kusintha kwa kukula, ngakhale kuti kumaletsa kwambiri mabakiteriya a m'matumbo. Kutengera ndi zochepa zomwe zilipo, mphamvu ya PDF pakugwira ntchito kwa nsomba ikuwoneka kuti imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu, gawo la moyo, kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera za PDF, kapangidwe ka mayeso ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi chikhalidwe.

Kapangidwe koyesera

adachita mayeso okulitsa ku Oceanic Institute ku Hawaii, USA, kuti awone momwe PDF imakhudzira kukula ndi kugaya kwa nkhanu zoyera za Pacific zomwe zimalimidwa m'madzi oyera. Ndalamazi zidathandizidwa ndi US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service komanso kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi University of Alaska Fairbanks.

Nsomba zoyera za ku Pacific zazing'ono (Juvenile Pacific white shrimp)Litopenaeus vannamei) adalimidwa m'madzi oyera oyenda mkati okhala ndi mchere wa 31 ppt ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 25 Celsius. Adadyetsedwa zakudya zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyesera zokhala ndi mapuloteni 35 peresenti ndi mafuta 6 peresenti okhala ndi PDF pa 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 kapena 1.5 peresenti.

Pa 100 g iliyonse, chakudya choyambirira chinapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi magalamu 30.0 a ufa wa soya, magalamu 15.0 a ufa wa pollock, magalamu 6.0 a ufa wa squid, magalamu 2.0 a mafuta a menhaden, magalamu 2.0 a soya lecithin, magalamu 33.8 a tirigu wonse, magalamu 1.0 a chromium oxide ndi magalamu 11.2 a zosakaniza zina (kuphatikizapo mchere ndi mavitamini). Pa chakudya chilichonse, matanki anayi a 52-L anali odzaza ndi nkhanu 12 pa thanki. Popeza thupi lawo linali ndi kulemera koyamba kwa magalamu 0.84, nkhanuzo zinkadyetsedwa ndi manja kanayi patsiku kuti zikhute kwa milungu isanu ndi itatu.

Pa kuyesa kugaya chakudya, nkhanu 120 zokhala ndi thupi lolemera magalamu 9 mpaka 10 zinakulitsidwa mu thanki iliyonse ya 18, 550-L ndi matanki atatu/mankhwala azakudya. Chromium oxide idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chamkati poyesa kugaya chakudya.

Zotsatira

Kulemera kwa nkhanu mlungu uliwonse kunali pakati pa magalamu 0.6 mpaka 0.8 ndipo nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka pa chithandizo ndi zakudya za PDF za 1.2 ndi 1.5 peresenti, koma sikunali kosiyana kwambiri (P > 0.05) pakati pa mankhwala ochizira matenda. Kupulumuka kwa nkhanu kunali 97 peresenti kapena kupitirira apo mu kuyesa kukula.

Ma feed-conversion ratios (FCRs) anali ofanana pa zakudya zomwe zinali ndi 0.3 ndi 0.6 peresenti ya PDF, ndipo zonse ziwiri zinali zochepa kuposa FCR pa zakudya za 1.2 peresenti ya PDF (P < 0.05). Komabe, ma FCR owongolera, 1.2 ndi 1.5 peresenti ya PDF zakudya zinali zofanana (P > 0.05).

Nsomba zomwe zimadya 1.2 peresenti zinali ndi mphamvu yochepa yogaya chakudya (P < 0.05) pa zinthu zouma, mapuloteni ndi mphamvu zonse kuposa zomwe nswamba zimadya zakudya zina (Chithunzi 2). Komabe, kugaya kwawo mafuta m'zakudya sikunakhudzidwe (P > 0.05) ndi milingo ya PDF.

Malingaliro

Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti kuwonjezera PDF mpaka 1.5 peresenti muzakudya sikunakhudze kukula ndi kupulumuka kwa nkhanu zomwe zimalimidwa m'madzi oyera. Izi zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zidapezeka kale ndi tilapia yachinyamata yosakanikirana, koma zosiyana ndi zotsatira zomwe zidapezeka mu kafukufuku wa nsomba ya Atlantic salmon ndi kukula kwa tilapia yosakanikirana.

Zotsatira za PDF yazakudya pa FCR ndi kugaya chakudya zawonetsa kudalira mlingo mu kafukufukuyu. N'zotheka kuti FCR yayikulu ya 1.2 peresenti ya zakudya za PDF idachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kugaya kwa mapuloteni, zinthu zouma komanso mphamvu zonse za zakudya. Pali chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza zotsatira za PDF pa kugaya zakudya m'zamoyo zam'madzi.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinali zosiyana ndi zomwe zanenedwa kale zomwe zinati kuwonjezera PDF ku ufa wa nsomba panthawi yosungira chakudya chisanakonzedwe kunawonjezera kugaya kwa mapuloteni. Kusiyanasiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito a PDF muzakudya zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wamakono ndi wakale mwina kudachitika chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, monga kuyesa mitundu, njira yolerera, kapangidwe ka zakudya kapena mikhalidwe ina yoyesera. Chifukwa chenicheni cha kusiyana kumeneku sichinali chomveka bwino ndipo chikufunika kufufuza kwina.