Kuswana ndi kukonza nkhumba zamakono kumachitika malinga ndi zosowa za anthu. Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa nkhumba kudya pang'ono, kukula mwachangu, kubereka zambiri komanso kukhala ndi nyama yochuluka yopanda mafuta ambiri. N'zovuta kuti chilengedwe chikwaniritse zofunikira izi, choncho ndikofunikira kuchita bwino m'chilengedwe chopangidwa!

Kuziziritsa ndi kusunga kutentha, kulamulira chinyezi chouma, njira zotayira zinyalala, mpweya wabwino m'nyumba ya ziweto, njira zoyendetsera zinthu, njira zodyetsera ziweto, ubwino wa zida, kasamalidwe ka zokolola, chakudya ndi zakudya, ukadaulo wobereketsa ndi zina zotero zimakhudza momwe nkhumba zimagwirira ntchito komanso thanzi la nkhumba.

Mkhalidwe womwe tikukumana nawo panopa ndi wakuti pali miliri yambiri ya nkhumba, katemera wambiri ndi mankhwala a ziweto, ndipo n’kovuta kwambiri kuweta nkhumba. Mafamu ambiri a nkhumba akadalibe phindu kapena kutayika pamene msika wa nkhumba wafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndiye sitingathe kuletsa kuganizira ngati njira yomwe ilipo yothanirana ndi mliri wa nkhumba ndi yolondola kapena ngati njira yomwe yaperekedwa ndi yolakwika. Tiyenera kuganizira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa m'makampani opanga nkhumba. Kodi ndi chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ndi mabakiteriya ndi amphamvu kwambiri kapena kapangidwe ka nkhumba ndi kofooka kwambiri?

Kotero tsopano makampaniwa akuganizira kwambiri za ntchito yoteteza thupi ya nkhumba!

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi cha nkhumba:

1. Zakudya

Pakachitika matenda opatsirana, chitetezo chamthupi cha nyama chimayatsidwa, thupi limapanga ma cytokines ambiri, zinthu zamagetsi, mapuloteni apakati, ma antibodies a chitetezo chamthupi, ndi zina zotero, kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kumawonjezeka kwambiri, kupanga kutentha kumawonjezeka ndipo kutentha kwa thupi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimafuna michere yambiri.

Choyamba, ma amino acid ambiri amafunika kuti apange mapuloteni, ma antibodies ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito panthawi yoopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni ambiri m'thupi awonongeke komanso kuti nayitrogeni ituluke. Pakachitika matenda opatsirana, kupezeka kwa ma amino acid makamaka kumachokera ku kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni m'thupi chifukwa chilakolako cha nyama ndi kudya chakudya zimachepa kwambiri kapena kusala kudya. Kuwonjezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kudzawonjezera kufunikira kwa mavitamini ndi zinthu zina.

Kumbali ina, vuto la matenda obwera chifukwa cha mliri limabweretsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni m'zinyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma free radical ambiri komanso kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito ma antioxidants (VE, VC, Se, ndi zina zotero).

Pa vuto la matenda ofalikira, kagayidwe ka nyama kamakula, kufunikira kwa zakudya kumawonjezeka, ndipo kugawa kwa zakudya m'thupi la nyama kumasinthidwa kuchoka pakukula kupita ku chitetezo chamthupi. Machitidwe a kagayidwe ka nyama amenewa ndi olimbana ndi matenda ofalikira ndikukhala ndi moyo momwe angathere, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kusankha zachilengedwe. Komabe, pansi pa kusankha kochita kupanga, kagayidwe ka nyama m'mavuto a matenda ofalikira kamasiyana ndi njira yosankha zachilengedwe.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kupita patsogolo kwa kuswana kwa nkhumba kwathandiza kwambiri kukula kwa nkhumba komanso kukula kwa nyama yopanda mafuta ambiri. Nkhumba zotere zikagwidwa ndi kachilomboka, njira yogawa michere yomwe ilipo imasintha pang'ono: michere yomwe imaperekedwa ku chitetezo cha mthupi imachepa ndipo michere yomwe imaperekedwa kuti ikule imawonjezeka.

Mukakhala ndi thanzi labwino, izi ndizabwino mwachilengedwe kuti ziwongolere kupanga bwino (kubereka nkhumba kumachitika mukakhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri), koma zikakumana ndi matenda ofalikira, nkhumba zotere zimakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa komanso zimafa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yakale (nkhumba zakomweko ku China zimakula pang'onopang'ono, koma kukana kwawo matenda kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa nkhumba zakunja zamakono).

Kuyang'ana kwambiri nthawi zonse pakusankha bwino kukula kwa nkhumba kwasintha momwe zakudya zimagawidwira, zomwe ziyenera kusiya ntchito zina kupatula kukula. Chifukwa chake, kulera nkhumba zopanda mafuta ambiri kuyenera kupereka zakudya zambiri, makamaka pamavuto a matenda obwera chifukwa cha mliri, kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali zakudya zokwanira, kuti zikhale ndi zakudya zokwanira zoti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza, ndipo nkhumba zitha kuthana ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha mliri.

Ngati ziweto za nkhumba sizikuyenda bwino kapena ngati mavuto azachuma m'mafamu a nkhumba, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha nkhumba. Mliriwu ukayamba, zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri.

2. Kupsinjika maganizo

Kupsinjika maganizo kumawononga kapangidwe ka mucosal ka nkhumba ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda mwa nkhumba.

Kupsinjika maganizoZimachititsa kuti ma free radicals a okosijeni achuluke ndipo zimawononga kulowa kwa nembanemba ya selo. Kulowa kwa nembanemba ya selo kunawonjezeka, zomwe zinali zothandiza kwambiri kuti mabakiteriya alowe m'maselo; Kupsinjika maganizo kumabweretsa kukwiya kwa dongosolo la sympathetic adrenal medullary, kupindika kosalekeza kwa mitsempha ya m'mimba, ischemia ya mucosal, kuvulala kwa hypoxic, kukokoloka kwa zilonda; Kupsinjika maganizo kumabweretsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zamkati mwa maselo ndi kuwonongeka kwa mucosal komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha acidosis ya maselo; Kupsinjika maganizo kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kutulutsa glucocorticoid ndipo glucocorticoid imaletsa kubwezeretsedwa kwa maselo a mucosal.

Kupsinjika maganizo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi mwa nkhumba.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zodetsa nkhawa zimapangitsa thupi kupanga ma oxygen free radicals ambiri, omwe amawononga maselo a mitsempha yamagazi, amachititsa kuti granulocyte ikuluikulu ikuluikulu ipangidwe, imathandizira kupanga microthrombosis ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mitsempha yamagazi, imathandizira kufalikira kwa kachilomboka, komanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo chochotsa poizoni m'thupi.

Kupsinjika maganizo kumachepetsa kukana kwa thupi ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusakhazikika kwa nkhumba.

Kumbali imodzi, kulamulira kwa endocrine panthawi ya kupsinjika kumalepheretsa chitetezo chamthupi, monga glucocorticoid kumalepheretsa ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi; Kumbali ina, kuwonjezeka kwa ma free radicals a oxygen ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kumawononga mwachindunji maselo a chitetezo chamthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha maselo a chitetezo chamthupi chichepe komanso kuti interferon isatuluke mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chisamayende bwino.

Zizindikiro zenizeni za kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi kosadziwika:

● Matupi a maso, mabala otuluka misozi, kutuluka magazi kumbuyo ndi mavuto ena atatu onyansa

Kutuluka magazi m'mbuyo, khungu lakale ndi mavuto ena zimasonyeza kuti chitetezo choyamba cha mthupi, pamwamba pa thupi ndi mucosal chotchinga chawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tilowe mosavuta m'thupi.

Chofunika kwambiri cha lacrimal plaque ndichakuti lacrimal gland imatulutsa misozi nthawi zonse kuti ipewe matenda ena kudzera mu lysozyme. Lacrimal plaque imasonyeza kuti ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi cha mucosal pamalopo yachepa, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitinachotsedwe kwathunthu. Zinawonetsanso kuti SIgA imodzi kapena ziwiri ndi mapuloteni owonjezera mu mucosa ya maso sizinali zokwanira.

● kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a nkhumba

Kuchuluka kwa nkhumba zosungidwa zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, nkhumba zoyembekezera zimachotsa mimba, zimabereka ana akufa, amayi, ana a nkhumba ofooka, ndi zina zotero;

Kutenga nthawi yayitali ya estrus ndikubwerera ku estrus mutasiya kuyamwa; Ubwino wa mkaka wa nkhumba zoyamwitsa unachepa, chitetezo cha ana a nkhumba obadwa kumene chinali chochepa, kupanga kunali kochedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutsegula m'mimba kunali kwakukulu.

Pali dongosolo la mucosal m'mbali zonse za mucosal za nkhumba, kuphatikizapo mawere, kugaya chakudya, chiberekero, njira yoberekera, machubu a impso, glands za khungu ndi submucosa zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito yoteteza chitetezo chamthupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zisatenge matenda opatsirana.

Tengani diso mwachitsanzo:

① Nembanemba ya maselo a epithelial a m'maso ndi mafuta ake otulutsidwa ndi madzi amapanga chotchinga chenicheni ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

②Mankhwala oletsa mabakiteriyaZigawo zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi tiziwalo ta m'maso, monga misozi yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi tiziwalo ta m'maso, zimakhala ndi lysozyme yambiri, yomwe imatha kupha mabakiteriya ndikuletsa kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya, ndikupanga chotchinga cha mankhwala ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

③ Macrophages ndi maselo achilengedwe akupha a NK omwe amapezeka m'madzimadzi a minofu ya maselo a mucosal epithelial amatha kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchotsa maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ndikupanga chotchinga cha maselo oteteza chitetezo cha mthupi.

④ Chitetezo cha mthupi cha mucosal cha m'deralo chimapangidwa ndi immunoglobulin SIgA yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi maselo a plasma omwe amagawidwa mu minofu yolumikizana ya subepithelial wosanjikiza wa mucosa wa maso ndi mapuloteni owonjezera ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Zapafupichitetezo chamthupi cha mucosalimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambirichitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe pamapeto pake zimatha kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupititsa patsogolo thanzi ndikuletsa matenda obwerezabwereza.

Khungu lakale ndi madontho a misozi ya nkhumba zimasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi chonse!

Mfundo yaikulu: kudya mokwanira komanso maziko olimba; Kuteteza chiwindi ndi kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi kuti thanzi likhale labwino; Kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndikukhazikitsa malo okhala mkati; Katemera woyenera wopewera matenda opatsirana.

N’chifukwa chiyani timaona kufunika kwa chitetezo cha chiwindi ndi kuchotsa poizoni m’thupi polimbikitsa chitetezo chamthupi chosakhala chapadera?

Chiwindi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo za chitetezo chamthupi. Maselo obadwa nawo monga macrophages, NK ndi NKT cells ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'chiwindi. Macrophages ndi ma lymphocytes m'chiwindi ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chizigwira ntchito bwino komanso chitetezo chamthupi chizigwira ntchito bwino! Ndiwonso selo lofunikira la chitetezo chamthupi chosakhala chapadera! Makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa zana a macrophages m'thupi lonse amasonkhana m'chiwindi. Pambuyo polowa m'chiwindi, ma antigen ambiri ochokera m'matumbo amamezedwa ndi kuchotsedwa ndi macrophages (maselo a Kupffer) m'chiwindi, ndipo gawo laling'ono lidzayeretsedwa ndi impso; Kuphatikiza apo, ma virus ambiri, ma bacterial antigen complexes ndi zinthu zina zovulaza kuchokera m'magazi zidzamezedwa ndi kuchotsedwa ndi maselo a Kupffer kuti zinthu zovulazazi zisawononge thupi. Zinyalala za poizoni zomwe zimayeretsedwa ndi chiwindi ziyenera kutulutsidwa kuchokera mu ndulu kupita m'matumbo, kenako n’kutulutsidwa m'thupi ndi ndowe.

Monga malo osinthira kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi, chiwindi chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha bwino kwa michere!

Pamene nkhumba zili ndi nkhawa, zimawonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya ndikuwongolera mphamvu ya nkhumba yolimbana ndi kupsinjika. Munjira imeneyi, ma free radicals mu nkhumba amawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera katundu wa nkhumba ndikupangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chichepe. Kupanga ma free radicals kumayenderana bwino ndi mphamvu ya kagayidwe kachakudya, ndiko kuti, kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi kamakhala kolimba kwambiri, ma free radicals ambiri amapangidwa. Kagayidwe kachakudya ka ziwalo za thupi kamakhala kolimba kwambiri, kumakhala kosavuta komanso kolimba komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ma free radicals. Mwachitsanzo, chiwindi chili ndi ma enzyme osiyanasiyana, omwe samangotenga nawo gawo mu kagayidwe ka chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini ndi mahomoni, komanso amagwira ntchito yochotsa poizoni m'thupi, kutulutsa, kutulutsa, kutsekeka kwa magazi ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Amapanga ma free radicals ambiri ndipo amavulaza kwambiri ma free radicals.

Choncho, kuti tiwonjezere chitetezo chamthupi chosakhala chapadera, tiyenera kusamala ndi chitetezo cha chiwindi ndi kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi la nkhumba!